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Purificação do ar
Os LEDs são usados na purificação do ar das seguintes maneiras: 1. **Desinfecção LED UV-C**: LEDs UV-C emitem luz ultravioleta na faixa germicida (200 - 280 nm). Quando o ar passa pelo campo de luz emitido por esses LEDs, a radiação UV-C danifica o DNA e o RNA de bactérias, vírus e outros microorganismos presentes no ar, inativando ou matando-os. Por exemplo, em purificadores de ar montados em ductos em sistemas HVAC, os LEDs UV-C podem desinfetar o ar circulante. 2. **Oxidação fotocatalítica (PCO) com LEDs**: Alguns purificadores de ar usam uma combinação de um catalisador e luz LED. Os LEDs, muitas vezes na faixa visível ou ultravioleta, ativam a superfície do catalisador. Isso cria espécies reativas de oxigênio que quebram compostos orgânicos e poluentes nocivos no ar, convertindo-os em substâncias inofensivas. 3. **Indicação e Monitoramento**: LEDs também podem ser usados como indicadores no purificador de ar para mostrar seu estado operacional, como se ele está ligado, em um modo de alta ou baixa potência, ou se o filtro precisa ser substituído.
A purificação do ar LED funciona através dos seguintes mecanismos: 1. **Desinfecção pela radiação UV-C**: os LEDs UV-C emitem luz ultravioleta de comprimento de onda curto. Quando o ar que contém microorganismos como bactérias, vírus e esporos de mofo passa pelo campo de luz UV-C, os fótons de alta energia penetram nas células desses organismos. Isso danifica seu material genético (DNA e RNA), impedindo-os de se reproduzirem e fazendo com que morram ou se tornassem inativos. Por exemplo, em um purificador de ar de mesa com LEDs UV-C, à medida que o ventilador atrai o ar circundante, a luz UV-C neutraliza os microorganismos prejudiciais presentes nele. 2. ** Processo de oxidação fotocatalítica (PCO) **: Em purificadores de ar à base de PCO, um material catalizador, muitas vezes dióxido de titânio (TiO) ₂), é revestido em uma superfície. Os LEDs visíveis ou UV iluminam este catalisador. A energia da luz LED excita os elétrons no catalisador, criando pares de elétrons-buraco. Essas espécies reativas reagem com moléculas de água e oxigênio no ar para formar espécies de oxigênio altamente reativas como radicais hidroxilo e íons superóxido. Essas espécies reativas de oxigênio oxidam e quebram compostos orgânicos voláteis (COV), odores e outros poluentes em substâncias inofensivas como dióxido de carbono e água. Um exemplo é um purificador de ar no veículo que usa PCO ativado por LED para remover odores e COV do ar da cabine. 3. **Geração de íons**: Alguns purificadores de ar baseados em LED geram íons negativos. Quando os LEDs são usados neste processo, eles podem alimentar o mecanismo de geração de íons. Os íons negativos se ligam a partículas no ar, como poeira, pólen e fumaça. Essas partículas carregadas se agrupam e são mais facilmente capturadas pelo filtro ou são atraídas por superfícies como paredes e pisos, reduzindo assim o número de partículas no ar e melhorando a qualidade do ar.
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